Mid back rounded vowel
| Mid back rounded vowel | |
|---|---|
| o̞Category:Pages with plain IPA | |
| ɔ̝Category:Pages with plain IPA | |
| IPA number | 307 430 |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | o̞ |
| Unicode (hex) | U+006F U+031E |
| Braille |    |
| IPA: Vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Legend: unrounded • rounded |
The mid back rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. While there is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the exact mid back rounded vowel between close-mid [o]Category:Pages with plain IPA and open-mid [ɔ]Category:Pages with plain IPA, it is normally written ⟨oCategory:Pages with plain IPA⟩. If precision is desired, diacritics may be used, such as ⟨o̞Category:Pages with plain IPA⟩ or ⟨ɔ̝Category:Pages with plain IPA⟩, the former being more common. There was an alternative IPA symbol for this sound, ⟨ꭥ⟩. A non-IPA letter ⟨ⱺCategory:Pages with plain IPA⟩ is also found.
Just because a language has only one non-close non-open back vowel, it still may not be a true-mid vowel. Tukang Besi is a language in Sulawesi, Indonesia, with a close-mid [o]Category:Pages with plain IPA. Taba, another language in Indonesia, in the Maluku Islands, has an open-mid [ɔ]Category:Pages with plain IPA. In both languages, there is no contrast with another mid (true-mid or close-mid) vowel.
Kensiu, in Malaysia and Thailand, is highly unusual in that it contrasts true-mid vowels with close-mid and open-mid vowels without any difference in other parameters, such as backness or roundedness.
Features
- Its vowel height is mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a close vowel and an open vowel.
- Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned back in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its roundedness is protruded, which means that the corners of the lips are drawn together, and the inner surfaces exposed.
Occurrence
Notes
- 1 2 Wissing (2016), section "The rounded mid-high back vowel /ɔ/Category:Pages with plain IPA".
- ↑ Abdoh (2010:84)
- 1 2 Ternes (1992), p. 433.
- ↑ Lee & Zee (2003), p. 110.
- 1 2 Chen & Gussenhoven (2015), p. 328.
- 1 2 Dankovičová (1999), p. 72.
- ↑ Šimáčková, Podlipský & Chládková (2012), pp. 228–230.
- 1 2 Grønnum (1998), p. 100.
- 1 2 Basbøll (2005), p. 47.
- 1 2 Collins & Mees (2003), p. 132.
- ↑ Peters (2010), p. 241.
- ↑ Lass (2002), p. 116.
- 1 2 Warren & Bauer (2004), p. 617.
- ↑ Hay, Maclagan & Gordon (2008), pp. 21–22.
- ↑ Watson (2007), p. 357.
- 1 2 Collins & Mees (1990), p. 95.
- 1 2 Wells (1982), p. 487.
- ↑ Roca & Johnson (1999), p. 180.
- ↑ Peterson (2000), cited in Árnason (2011:76)
- ↑ Iivonen & Harnud (2005), pp. 60, 66.
- ↑ Suomi, Toivanen & Ylitalo (2008), p. 21.
- ↑ Collins & Mees (2013), p. 226.
- ↑ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), p. 64.
- ↑ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), pp. 34, 64.
- ↑ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), p. 65.
- ↑ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), pp. 34, 65.
- ↑ Arvaniti (2007), p. 28.
- ↑ Trudgill (2009), p. 81.
- ↑ Laufer (1999), p. 98.
- ↑ Urua (2004), p. 106.
- ↑ Brodersen (2011).
- ↑ Árnason (2011), pp. 57–60.
- 1 2 Fortescue (1990), p. 317.
- 1 2 Bertinetto & Loporcaro (2005), pp. 137–138.
- 1 2 Bertinetto & Loporcaro (2005), p. 137.
- ↑ Okada (1999), p. 117.
- ↑ Lee (1999), p. 121.
- 1 2 Peters (2006), p. 119.
- ↑ Vanvik (1979), pp. 13, 17.
- ↑ Kvifte & Gude-Husken (2005), p. 4.
- ↑ Kristoffersen (2000), pp. 16–17.
- ↑ Sarlin (2014), p. 18.
- 1 2 Jones & Ward (1969), p. 56.
- ↑ Oftedal (1956), p. 96.
- ↑ Kordić (2006), p. 4.
- ↑ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
- 1 2 Valenzuela, Márquez Pinedo & Maddieson (2001), p. 282.
- 1 2 Tatjana Srebot-Rejec. "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene" (PDF).
- ↑ Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999), p. 138.
- ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 256.
- ↑ Tench (2007), p. 230.
- ↑ Zimmer & Orgun (1999), p. 155.
- ↑ Göksel & Kerslake (2005), p. 11.
- ↑ Merrill (2008), p. 109.
References
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External links
- List of languages with [o̞]Category:Pages with plain IPA on PHOIBLE
- List of languages with [ɔ̝]Category:Pages with plain IPA on PHOIBLE
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