MYLK2
Myosin light chain kinase 2 also known as MYLK2 is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the MYLK2 gene.[5]
Function
This gene encodes a myosin light chain kinase, a calcium / calmodulin dependent enzyme, that is exclusively expressed in adult skeletal muscle.[6] The MYLK2 gene expresses skMLCK more prevalently in fast twitch muscle fibers as compared to slow twitch muscle fibers. Calmodulin is composed of two terminal domains (N,C) each containing two E-F hand motifs that bind to Ca2+. Upon saturation of Ca2+, Calmodulin undergoes a conformation change allowing it to bind with a target protein such as skMLCK. An image depicting a similar complex (sdCen/skMLCK2) is shown under myosin light chain kinase. This binding to skMLCK increases the affinity of Ca2+ and ultimately leads to a sustained muscle action.[7]
Clinical significance
Mutations in the MYLK2 gene have been linked to midventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.[5]
References
- 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101306 – Ensembl, May 2017
- 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027470 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- 1 2 Davis JS, Hassanzadeh S, Winitsky S, Lin H, Satorius C, Vemuri R, Aletras AH, Wen H, Epstein ND (November 2001). "The overall pattern of cardiac contraction depends on a spatial gradient of myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation". Cell. 107 (5): 631–41. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00586-4. PMID 11733062. S2CID 778253.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: MYLK2 myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal muscle".
- ↑ Stull JT, Kamm KE, Vandenboom R (February 2011). "Myosin light chain kinase and the role of myosin light chain phosphorylation in skeletal muscle". Arch Biochem Biophys. 510 (2): 120–8. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2011.01.017. PMC 3101293. PMID 21284933.
Further reading
- Jeronimo C, Forget D, Bouchard A (2007). "Systematic analysis of the protein interaction network for the human transcription machinery reveals the identity of the 7SK capping enzyme". Mol. Cell. 27 (2): 262–74. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.06.027. PMC 4498903. PMID 17643375.
- Junker JP, Rief M (2009). "Single-molecule force spectroscopy distinguishes target binding modes of calmodulin". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (34): 14361–6. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614361J. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904654106. PMC 2732892. PMID 19667195.
- Roush CL, Kennelly PJ, Glaccum MB (1988). "Isolation of the cDNA encoding rat skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase. Sequence and tissue distribution". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (21): 10510–6. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)81545-4. PMID 2839493.
- Christie JD, Ma SF, Aplenc R (2008). "Variation in the myosin light chain kinase gene is associated with development of acute lung injury after major trauma". Crit. Care Med. 36 (10): 2794–800. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e318186b843. PMID 18828194. S2CID 6567908.
- Lazar V, Garcia JG (1999). "A single human myosin light chain kinase gene (MLCK; MYLK)". Genomics. 57 (2): 256–67. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5774. PMID 10198165.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
- Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J (2001). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20". Nature. 414 (6866): 865–71. Bibcode:2001Natur.414..865D. doi:10.1038/414865a. PMID 11780052.}
- Soung YH, Lee JW, Kim SY (2006). "Mutational analysis of the kinase domain of MYLK2 gene in common human cancers". Pathol. Res. Pract. 202 (3): 137–40. doi:10.1016/j.prp.2005.12.003. PMID 16448786.
- Gallagher PJ, Herring BP, Stull JT (1997). "Myosin light chain kinases". J. Muscle Res. Cell. Motil. 18 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1023/A:1018616814417. PMID 9147985. S2CID 11975486.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Lanfranchi G, Muraro T, Caldara F (1996). "Identification of 4370 expressed sequence tags from a 3'-end-specific cDNA library of human skeletal muscle by DNA sequencing and filter hybridization". Genome Res. 6 (1): 35–42. doi:10.1101/gr.6.1.35. PMID 8681137.
- Toth-Zsamboki E, Oury C, Cornelissen H (2003). "P2X1-mediated ERK2 activation amplifies the collagen-induced platelet secretion by enhancing myosin light chain kinase activation". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (47): 46661–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M308452200. PMID 14500714.
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