Mandora
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Mandora is a name of various musical instruments related to Lute and Mandolin.
![Mandora or Quinterne [Gittern], 1450.](./File:Wartburg-Laute.JPG)
![Mandőraen [Mandore], printed in 1619 on Syntagma musicum by Michael Praetorius.](/proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2F4%2F45%2FMandore_closeup.JPG%2F120px-Mandore_closeup.JPG)
Mandore, printed in 1636 on Harmonie Universelle by Marin Mersenne.
Testudinis Compendiatce (in Latina), called Mandora, printed in 1650 on Musurgia Universalis by Athanasius Kircher.
![Mandőraen [Mandore], printed in 1619 on Syntagma musicum by Michael Praetorius.](./File:Mandore_closeup_.JPG)
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Mandora (1726) by Gregori Ferdinand Wenger, Augsburg, Germany.
6~9 courses lute (“Calchedon”, “Calichon”) (1735).
Gallichon, mid-18th~19th century.
Lute guitar, called “Lutnia romantyczna” in Porlish.
Lute guitar sold as “Deutsche Laute (Mandora)”, mid-19th~20th century.
- Gallery for comparison
Guitarra Latina and Guitarra Morisca, Medieval
A Ukrainian Cossack with a Mandora or Guitarra Morisca[note 1], c.1750.![Cythara Germanica or Cythara Italica [Cittern], printed in 1650 on Musurgia Universalis by Athanasius Kircher.](/proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2F1%2F1c%2FCittern.gif%2F60px-Cittern.gif)
Cythara Germanica or Cythara Italica [Cittern], printed in 1650 on Musurgia Universalis by Athanasius Kircher.
![Cythara Germanica or Cythara Italica [Cittern], printed in 1650 on Musurgia Universalis by Athanasius Kircher.](./File:Cittern.gif){kind=small}
List of instruments referred as Mandora on Wikipedia articles
The terms "Mandora", "Mandore", etc. referred to different instruments at different periods in history.
- (as of April 9, 2013)
Language Article Origin Medieval Renaissance (15-16c) Baroque (17c) Rococo (18c) 19th century Español Guitarra morisca (Pantur of Sumer) Mandora / Quitarra Sarracénica / Guitarra Morisca Català Guitarra morisca (Pantur of Sumer) Mandora / Quitarra Sarraïna / Guitarra Morisca Português Mandora Mandora / Mandola / Lutina Occitan Mandòra Mandòra' (⇒ Mandolina) Latin Cithara Italica / Cithara Germanica / Cithara vulgaris Itary (Oud ⇒) Mandola (⇒ Mandolino) Français Mandore Mandore / Mandole / Gallizona / Gallichon (⇒ Mandoline) (Mandole ténor) (French Mandore) Deutsch Mandora Barbat maurische Quinterne ⇒ Mandora Mandürchen / Mandőraen (⇒ Mandola in 18c, Mandoline) Mandora: Calichon / Galichon Gitarrenlaute (Mandora) English Mandora Guiterne in 13c, Chitarra Italiana in 15-16c (⇒ Gallichone in 18c) [treble lute] Mandola, Scotish Mandora, Mandore [bass lute] Mandora: Gallichone / Galizona / Galichon Polski Gallichon (Lutnia barokowa basowej ⇒) Gallichon / Galichon Lutnia romantyczna Norsk bokmål Mandora Mandora (⇒ Mandolin) Mandora (Calichon / Galichon) Gitarlutten 日本語 マンドーラ Mandora / Gallichon / Gallizona / Colachon / Calchedono
Note
- ↑ The name of instrument on this image have been once disputed, and seems not yet resolved. For details, see discussion on the English Wikipedia, wikipedia:en:Talk:Kobza#Also.
References
- Randel, Don Michael The Harvard Dictionary of Music, Harvard University Press reference library, Vol. 16, Harvard University Press, p. 484 ISBN: 978-0-674-01163-2. "Mandora, mandore, mandola [Fr. mandore; Ger. Mandoër, Mandürichen, Mandourlauten; It. Mandola; Sp. vandola]. (1) A lutelike instrument developed from the medieval *gittern. ... (2) An 18th-century Austrian and German eight course hybrid combining a lute body and pegbox with a guitar neck. This was played and tuned like the guitar: C D E A d g b e'. ..."