で
Japanese
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Pronunciation
Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent#て'Etymology 1
The hiragana character て (te) with a dakuten (゛).
Syllable
で • (deCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で) Category:Japanese lemmas#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese syllables#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#て'Category:Pages with entries#でCategory:Pages with 1 entry#で
See also
Etymology 2
Originally a contraction of にて (nite)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で, later treated as a conjugation of the copula だ (da)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で.
Particle
で • (deCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で) Category:Japanese lemmas#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese particles#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#て'Category:Pages with entries#でCategory:Pages with 1 entry#で
- at: indicating a location at which something happens
- ここで休みたい。
- Koko de yasumitai.
- I want to rest in here (at this location).
- ここで休みたい。
- with, by, using: indicating the means by or with which something happens
- 筆ペンで書く
- fudepen de kaku
- to write with a brush pen
- 自転車で行きましょう。
- Jitensha de ikimashō.
- Let's go by bicycle.
- 筆ペンで書く
- (Can we verify(+) this sense?)Category:Requests for verification in Japanese entries#て' in: indicating the containing by something
- 白水着で泳いでみた
- Shiromizugi de oyoidemita
- I tried to swim in white swimsuit
- 白水着で泳いでみた
Alternative forms
- (formal) にて (nite)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で
- (informal, playful) de (de)
Adverb
で • (deCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で) Category:Japanese lemmas#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese adverbs#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#て'Category:Pages with entries#でCategory:Pages with 1 entry#で
- (informalCategory:Japanese informal terms#て') indicating the following sentence is a consequence of something previously stated: and then; therefore
- で？
- De?
- So what?
- で？どうする？
- De? Dō suru?
- Well? What will you do?
- で、オリンピックやめませんか？
- De, Orinpikku yamemasen ka?
- Then, should we just give up the Olympic Games?
- で？
Verb
で • (deCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で) Category:Japanese non-lemma forms#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese verb forms#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#て'Category:Pages with entries#でCategory:Pages with 1 entry#で
- is/am/are ... and: the て-form or conjunctive form of だ (da)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で
- これは本で、とても面白いです。
- Kore wa hon de, totemo omoshiroi desu.
- This is a book, and it is very interesting.
- これは本で、とても面白いです。
See also
| Verbs | -i adjectives | nouns and -na adjectives | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonpast | Plain | Affirmative | Use the dictionary form | stem + いCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-i) | noun + だCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (da) (noun + であるCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (de aru)) |
| Negative | mizenkei + ないCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-nai) | stem + くないCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-ku nai) | noun + で（は）ないCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (de [wa] nai) | ||
| Polite | Affirmative | ren'yōkei + ますCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-masu) | stem + いですCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-i desu) | noun + ですCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (desu) | |
| Negative | ren'yōkei + ませんCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-masen) | stem + くないですCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-ku nai desu) stem + くありませんCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-ku arimasen) | noun + で（は）ないですCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (de [wa] nai desu) noun + で（は）ありませんCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (de [wa] arimasen) | ||
| Past | Plain | Affirmative | ren'yōkei (with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs) + たCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-ta) | stem + かったCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-katta) | noun + だったCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (datta) (noun + であったCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (de atta)) |
| Negative | mizenkei + なかったCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-nakatta) | stem + くなかったCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-ku nakatta) | noun + で（は）なかったCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (de [wa] nakatta) | ||
| Polite | Affirmative | ren'yōkei + ましたCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-mashita) | stem + かったですCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-katta desu) | noun + でしたCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (deshita) | |
| Negative | ren'yōkei + ませんでしたCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-masen deshita) | stem + くなかったですCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-ku nakatta desu) stem + くありませんでしたCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-ku arimasen deshita) | noun + で（は）なかったですCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (de [wa] nakatta desu) noun + で（は）ありませんでしたCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (de [wa] arimasen deshita) | ||
| Volitional | Plain | mizenkei (of Group I verbs) + うCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-u > -o) mizenkei (of other verbs) + ようCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-yō) | †stem + かろうCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-karō) (stem + いだろうCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-i darō)) | noun + だろうCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (darō) (noun + であろうCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (de arō)) | |
| Polite | ren'yōkei + ましょうCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-mashō) | (stem + いでしょうCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-i deshō)) | noun + でしょうCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (deshō) | ||
| Conjunctive | ren'yōkei (with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs) + てCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-te) | stem + くてCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-kute) | noun + でCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (de) (noun + であってCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (de atte)) | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | kateikei + ばCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-ba) | stem + ければCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (-kereba) | (noun + であればCategory:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#で (de areba)) | ||
Etymology 3
Considered to be a contraction of にて (nite), where the ni is the continuative form of the negative auxiliary ず (zu)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で. In use since Early Middle Japanese,[1] and first attested in The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter of the late 800s.[2]
Suffix
で • (-deCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で) Category:Japanese lemmas#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese suffixes#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#て'Category:Pages with entries#でCategory:Pages with 1 entry#で
- [from late 800s] (Classical JapaneseCategory:Classical Japanese#て', archaicCategory:Japanese terms with archaic senses#て') Attaches to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of verbs to form the negative conjunctive, equivalent to the modern ないで (-naide)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で or ずに (-zuni)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で.
Etymology 4
Corrupted from ぜ (ze, sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で.
Particle
で • (deCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で) Category:Japanese lemmas#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese particles#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#て'Category:Pages with entries#でCategory:Pages with 1 entry#で
- (dialectalCategory:Japanese dialectal terms#て', chiefly KansaiCategory:Kansai Japanese#て') sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis
- そないな事したらあかんで。
- Sonai na koto shitara akan de.
- You shouldn't do things like that.
- そないな事したらあかんで。
References
- ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ “で”, in 日本国語大辞典Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006