API:Import/zh

Category:MediaWiki action API/zh
MediaWiki版本：
≥ 1.15

POST请求以另一个维基（跨维基）或xml文件导入页面。

action=import

(main | import)
  • This module requires read rights.
  • This module requires write rights.
  • This module only accepts POST requests.
  • Source: MediaWiki
  • License: GPL-2.0-or-later

Import a page from another wiki, or from an XML file.

Note that the HTTP POST must be done as a file upload (i.e. using multipart/form-data) when sending a file for the xml parameter.

Specific parameters:
Other general parameters are available.
summary

Log entry import summary.

xml

Uploaded XML file.

Must be posted as a file upload using multipart/form-data.
interwikiprefix

For uploaded imports: interwiki prefix to apply to unknown usernames (and known users if assignknownusers is set).

interwikisource

For interwiki imports: wiki to import from.

One of the following values: meta, usability, w:en, wikitech
interwikipage

For interwiki imports: page to import.

fullhistory

For interwiki imports: import the full history, not just the current version.

Type: boolean (details)
templates

For interwiki imports: import all included templates as well.

Type: boolean (details)
namespace

Import to this namespace. Cannot be used together with rootpage.

One of the following values: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 90, 91, 92, 93, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 710, 711, 828, 829, 1198, 1199, 2600, 5500, 5501
assignknownusers

Assign edits to local users where the named user exists locally.

Type: boolean (details)
rootpage

Import as subpage of this page. Cannot be used together with namespace.

tags

Change tags to apply to the entry in the import log and to the null revision on the imported pages.

Values (separate with | or alternative): AWB, convenient-discussions
token

A "csrf" token retrieved from action=query&meta=tokens

This parameter is required.
Example:
Import meta:Help:ParserFunctions to namespace 100 with full history.
api.php?action=import&interwikisource=meta&interwikipage=Help:ParserFunctions&namespace=100&fullhistory=&token=123ABC [open in sandbox]

导入过程

导入页面是一个多步骤的过程：

  1. 使用中描述的方法之一登录。
  2. 获取CSRF令牌。 所有页面的巡查令牌是相同的，但是每次登录时巡查令牌会改变。
  3. 发送带有CSRF令牌的POST请求以导入页面。

下面的示例代码详细介绍了第3步。

示例1：从另一个维基导入页面

POST请求

Import : to the Manual namespace (namespace 100) with full history.

响应

{
  "import": [
    {
      "ns": 12, 
      "revisions": 639, 
      "title": "Help:ParserFunctions"
    }
  ]
}

示例代码 1

Python

#!/usr/bin/python3

"""
    import_interwiki.py

    MediaWiki Action API Code Samples
    Demo of `Import` module: Import a page from another wiki by
    specifying its title
    MIT license
"""

import requests

S = requests.Session()

URL = "https://test.wikipedia.org/w/api.php"

# Step 1: Retrieve a login token
PARAMS_1 = {
    "action": "query",
    "meta": "tokens",
    "type": "login",
    "format": "json"
}

R = S.get(url=URL, params=PARAMS_1)
DATA = R.json()

LOGIN_TOKEN = DATA['query']['tokens']['logintoken']

# Step 2: Send a post request to log in using the clientlogin method.
# import rights can't be granted using Special:BotPasswords
# hence using bot passwords may not work.
# See https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API:Login for more
# information on log in methods.
PARAMS_2 = {
    "action":"clientlogin",
    "username":"username",
    "password":"password",
    'loginreturnurl': 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/',
    "format":"json",
    "logintoken":LOGIN_TOKEN
}

R = S.post(URL, data=PARAMS_2)

# Step 3: While logged in, retrieve a CSRF token
PARAMS_3 = {
    "action": "query",
    "meta": "tokens",
    "format": "json"
}

R = S.get(url=URL, params=PARAMS_3)
DATA = R.json()

CSRF_TOKEN = DATA['query']['tokens']['csrftoken']

# Step 4: Post request to import page from another wiki
PARAMS_4 = {
    "action": "import",
    "format": "json",
    "interwikisource": "meta",
    "interwikipage": "Help:ParserFunctions",
    "fullhistory":"true",
    "namespace":"100",
    "token": CSRF_TOKEN
}

R = S.post(url=URL, data=PARAMS_4)
DATA = R.json()

print(DATA)

PHP

<?php

/*
    import_interwiki.php

    MediaWiki API Demos
    Demo of `Import` module: Import a page from another wiki by
	specifying its title

    MIT license
*/

$endPoint = "http://dev.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080/w/api.php";

$login_Token = getLoginToken(); // Step 1
loginRequest( $login_Token ); // Step 2
$csrf_Token = getCSRFToken(); // Step 3
import( $csrf_Token ); // Step 4

// Step 1: GET request to fetch login token
function getLoginToken() {
	global $endPoint;

	$params1 = [
		"action" => "query",
		"meta" => "tokens",
		"type" => "login",
		"format" => "json"
	];

	$url = $endPoint . "?" . http_build_query( $params1 );

	$ch = curl_init( $url );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookie.txt" );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookie.txt" );

	$output = curl_exec( $ch );
	curl_close( $ch );

	$result = json_decode( $output, true );
	return $result["query"]["tokens"]["logintoken"];
}

// Step 2: POST request to log in. Use of main account for login is not
// supported. Obtain credentials via Special:BotPasswords
// (https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:BotPasswords) for lgname & lgpassword
function loginRequest( $logintoken ) {
	global $endPoint;

	$params2 = [
		"action" => "clientlogin",
		"username" => "username",
		"password" => "password",
		'loginreturnurl' => 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/',
		"logintoken" => $logintoken,
		"format" => "json"
	];

	$ch = curl_init();

	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_URL, $endPoint );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_POST, true );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query( $params2 ) );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookie.txt" );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookie.txt" );

	$output = curl_exec( $ch );
	curl_close( $ch );
}

// Step 3: GET request to fetch CSRF token
function getCSRFToken() {
	global $endPoint;

	$params3 = [
		"action" => "query",
		"meta" => "tokens",
		"format" => "json"
	];

	$url = $endPoint . "?" . http_build_query( $params3 );

	$ch = curl_init( $url );

	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookie.txt" );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookie.txt" );

	$output = curl_exec( $ch );
	curl_close( $ch );

	$result = json_decode( $output, true );
	return $result["query"]["tokens"]["csrftoken"];
}

// Step 4: POST request to import page from another wiki
function import( $csrftoken ) {
	global $endPoint;

	$params4 = [
		"action" => "import",
		"interwikisource" => "wikipedia:en",
		"interwikipage" => "Pragyan (rover)",
		"namespace" => "0",
		"fullhistory" => "true",
		"token" => $csrftoken,
		"format" => "json"
	];

	$ch = curl_init();

	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_URL, $endPoint );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_POST, true );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query( $params4 ) );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookie.txt" );
	curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookie.txt" );

	$output = curl_exec( $ch );
	curl_close( $ch );

	echo ( $output );
}

JavaScript

/*  
    import_interwiki.js
 
    MediaWiki API Demos
    Demo of `Import` module: Import a page from another wiki by
	specifying its title

    MIT license
*/

var request = require('request').defaults({jar: true}),
    url = "http://dev.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080/w/api.php";

// Step 1: GET request to fetch login token
function getLoginToken() {
    var params_0 = {
        action: "query",
        meta: "tokens",
        type: "login",
        format: "json"
    };

    request.get({ url: url, qs: params_0 }, function (error, res, body) {
        if (error) {
            return;
        }
        var data = JSON.parse(body);
        loginRequest(data.query.tokens.logintoken);
    });
}

// Step 2: POST request to log in. 
// Use of main account for login is not
// supported. Obtain credentials via Special:BotPasswords
// (https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:BotPasswords) for lgname & lgpassword
function loginRequest(login_token) {
    var params_1 = {
        action: "clientlogin",
        username: "username",
        password: "password",
        loginreturnurl: "http://127.0.0.1:5000/",
        logintoken: login_token,
        format: "json"
    };

    request.post({ url: url, form: params_1 }, function (error, res, body) {
        if (error) {
            return;
        }
        getCsrfToken();
    });
}

// Step 3: GET request to fetch CSRF token
function getCsrfToken() {
    var params_2 = {
        action: "query",
        meta: "tokens",
        format: "json"
    };

    request.get({ url: url, qs: params_2 }, function(error, res, body) {
        if (error) {
            return;
        }
        var data = JSON.parse(body);
        import_interwiki(data.query.tokens.csrftoken);
    });
}

// Step 4: POST request to import page from another wiki
function import_interwiki(csrf_token) {
    var params_3 = {
        action: "import",
        interwikisource: "wikipedia:en",
        interwikipage: "Pragyan (rover)",
        namespace: "0",
        fullhistory: "true",
        token: csrf_token,
        format: "json"
    };

    request.post({ url: url, form: params_3 }, function (error, res, body) {
        if (error) {
            return;
        }
        console.log(body);
    });
}

// Start From Step 1
getLoginToken();

MediaWiki JS

/*
	import_interwiki.js

	MediaWiki API Demos
	Demo of `Import` module: Import a page from another wiki by
    specifying its title

	MIT License
*/

var params = {
		action: 'import',
		interwikisource: 'en:w',
		interwikipage: 'Template:!-',
		fullhistory: 'true',
		namespace: '100',
		format: 'json'
	},
	api = new mw.Api();

api.postWithToken( 'csrf', params ).done( function ( data ) {
	console.log( data );
} );

示例2：通过上传页面的xml转储导入页面

POST请求

Import : by uploading its xml dump obtained from Special:Export.

上传文件时，您需要使用multipart/form-data作为Content-Type或enctype，application/x-www-form-urlencoded将不起作用。

参数xml不是文件名，而是文件的实际内容。

响应

响应
{
  "import": [
    {
      "ns": 12, 
      "title": "Help:ParserFunctions",
      "revisions": 639
    }
  ]
}

示例代码 2

Python

#!/usr/bin/python3

"""
    import_xml.py

    MediaWiki Action API Code Samples
    Demo of `Import` module: Import a page from another wiki
    by uploading its xml dump
    MIT license
"""

import requests

S = requests.Session()

URL = "https://test.wikipedia.org/w/api.php"
FILE_PATH = '/path/to/your/file.xml'

# Step 1: Retrieve a login token
PARAMS_1 = {
    "action": "query",
    "meta": "tokens",
    "type": "login",
    "format": "json"
}

R = S.get(url=URL, params=PARAMS_1)
DATA = R.json()

LOGIN_TOKEN = DATA['query']['tokens']['logintoken']

# Step 2: Send a post request to log in using the clientlogin method.
# importupload rights can't be granted using Special:BotPasswords
# hence using bot passwords may not work.
# See https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API:Login for more
# information on log in methods.
PARAMS_2 = {
    "action":"clientlogin",
    "username":"username",
    "password":"password",
    'loginreturnurl': 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/',
    "format":"json",
    "logintoken":LOGIN_TOKEN
}

R = S.post(URL, data=PARAMS_2)

# Step 3: While logged in, retrieve a CSRF token
PARAMS_3 = {
    "action": "query",
    "meta": "tokens",
    "format": "json"
}

R = S.get(url=URL, params=PARAMS_3)
DATA = R.json()

CSRF_TOKEN = DATA['query']['tokens']['csrftoken']

# Step 4: Post request to upload xml dump.
# xml dumps can be downloaded through Special:Export
# See https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:Export
PARAMS_4 = {
    "action": "import",
    "format": "json",
    "token": CSRF_TOKEN,
    "interwikiprefix": "meta"
}

FILE = {'xml':('file.xml', open(FILE_PATH))}

R = S.post(url=URL, files=FILE, data=PARAMS_4)
DATA = R.json()

print(DATA)

JavaScript

/*  
    import_xml.js
 
    MediaWiki API Demos
    Demo of `Import` module: Import a page from another wiki
    by uploading its xml dump

    MIT license
*/

var fs = require('fs'),
    request = require('request').defaults({jar: true}),
    url = "http://dev.wiki.local.wmftest.net:8080/w/api.php";

// Step 1: GET request to fetch login token
function getLoginToken() {
    var params_0 = {
        action: "query",
        meta: "tokens",
        type: "login",
        format: "json"
    };

    request.get({ url: url, qs: params_0 }, function (error, res, body) {
        if (error) {
            return;
        }
        var data = JSON.parse(body);
        loginRequest(data.query.tokens.logintoken);
    });
}

// Step 2: POST request to log in. 
// Use of main account for login is not
// supported. Obtain credentials via Special:BotPasswords
// (https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:BotPasswords) for lgname & lgpassword
function loginRequest(login_token) {
    var params_1 = {
        action: "clientlogin",
        username: "username",
        password: "password",
        loginreturnurl: "http://127.0.0.1:5000/",
        logintoken: login_token,
        format: "json"
    };

    request.post({ url: url, form: params_1 }, function (error, res, body) {
        if (error) {
            return;
        }
        getCsrfToken();
    });
}

// Step 3: GET request to fetch CSRF token
function getCsrfToken() {
    var params_2 = {
        action: "query",
        meta: "tokens",
        format: "json"
    };

    request.get({ url: url, qs: params_2 }, function(error, res, body) {
        if (error) {
            return;
        }
        var data = JSON.parse(body);
        import_xml(data.query.tokens.csrftoken);
    });
}

// Step 4: POST request to upload xml dump.
// xml dumps can be downloaded through Special:Export
// See https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:Export
function import_xml(csrf_token) {
    var params_3 = {
        action: "import",
        interwikiprefix: "en",
        token: csrf_token,
        format: "json"
    };

    var file = {
        xml: fs.createReadStream('a.xml')
    };

    var formData = Object.assign( {}, params_3, file );

    request.post({ url: url, formData: formData }, function (error, res, body) {
        if (error) {
            return;
        }
        console.log(body);
    });
}

// Start From Step 1
getLoginToken();

可能的错误

除了标准错误消息：

CodeInfo
notokentoken参数必须被设置。
cantimport您没有权限导入页面。
cantimport-upload您没有权限导入上传的页面。
nointerwikipageinterwikipage参数必须被设置。
nofileYou didn't upload a file
filetoobigThe file you uploaded is bigger than the maximum upload size
partialuploadThe file was only partially uploaded
notempdirThe temporary upload directory is missing
这通常意味着服务器损坏或配置错误
cantopenfileCouldn't open the uploaded file
这通常意味着服务器损坏或配置错误
badinterwikiInvalid interwiki title specified
import-unknownerror导入时的未知错误：error。

参数历史

  • v1.29: 启用tags
  • v1.20: 启用rootpage

附加提醒

  • importupload rights are required in order to upload an xml file, while import rights are required for interwiki imports.
  • If you get a Missing boundary in multipart/form-data POST data error, it is because you sent it url-encoded but claimed it would be multipart/form-data.

MediaWiki is looking for a boundary in the header but cannot find it.

  • Parameters marked with upload are only used when importing an uploaded XML file.

Similarly, parameters marked with interwiki are only used when importing from another wiki (transwiki).

If the list of possible values for this parameter is empty, interwiki imports are disabled.

参见

Category:MediaWiki action API/zh