Summary

DescriptionKleinBottle-Figure8-01.png	Figure-eight immersion of a Klein bottle into R3. Made with Mathematica. English: The "figure 8" immersion of the Klein bottle. Italiano: L'immersione a "figura 8" della bottiglia di Klein. Русский: Реализация бутылки Клейна в виде восьмерки
Date	05/08/06
Source	Own drawing, Mathematica 5.1
Author	Fropuff, Inductiveload
Permission (Reusing this file)	The original image was released into the public domain by Fropuff: Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse This work has been released into the public domain by its author, Fropuff. This applies worldwide. In some countries this may not be legally possible; if so: Fropuff grants anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law. Category:PD-user#KleinBottle-Figure8-01.png The derived, redrawn, edited image was released into the public domain by Inductiveload: Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse This work has been released into the public domain by its author, Inductiveload. This applies worldwide. In some countries this may not be legally possible; if so: Inductiveload grants anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law. Category:PD-user#KleinBottle-Figure8-01.png
Other versions	For a cut-away version see Image:KleinBottle-Figure8-02.png.

File:KleinBottle-Figure8-01.svg is a vector version of this file. It should be used in place of this PNG file when not inferior.Category:Vector version available File:KleinBottle-Figure8-01.png → File:KleinBottle-Figure8-01.svg For more information, see Help:SVG. In other languages Alemannisch ∙ العربية ∙ беларуская (тарашкевіца) ∙ български ∙ বাংলা ∙ català ∙ нохчийн ∙ čeština ∙ dansk ∙ Deutsch ∙ Ελληνικά ∙ English ∙ British English ∙ Esperanto ∙ español ∙ eesti ∙ euskara ∙ فارسی ∙ suomi ∙ français ∙ Frysk ∙ galego ∙ Alemannisch ∙ עברית ∙ हिन्दी ∙ hrvatski ∙ magyar ∙ հայերեն ∙ Bahasa Indonesia ∙ Ido ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ ქართული ∙ 한국어 ∙ lietuvių ∙ македонски ∙ മലയാളം ∙ Bahasa Melayu ∙ မြန်မာဘာသာ ∙ norsk bokmål ∙ Plattdüütsch ∙ Nederlands ∙ norsk nynorsk ∙ norsk ∙ occitan ∙ polski ∙ prūsiskan ∙ português ∙ português do Brasil ∙ română ∙ русский ∙ sicilianu ∙ Scots ∙ slovenčina ∙ slovenščina ∙ српски / srpski ∙ svenska ∙ தமிழ் ∙ ไทย ∙ Türkçe ∙ татарча / tatarça ∙ українська ∙ vèneto ∙ Tiếng Việt ∙ 中文 ∙ 中文（中国大陆） ∙ 中文（简体） ∙ 中文（繁體） ∙ 中文（马来西亚） ∙ 中文（新加坡） ∙ 中文（臺灣） ∙ +/−

 

Parameterization

This immersion of the Klein bottle into R³ is given by the following parameterization. Here the parameters u and v run from 0 to 2π and r is some fixed positive constant.

${\displaystyle x=\left(r+\cos {\frac {u}{2}}\sin v-\sin {\frac {u}{2}}\sin 2v\right)\cos u}$

${\displaystyle y=\left(r+\cos {\frac {u}{2}}\sin v-\sin {\frac {u}{2}}\sin 2v\right)\sin u}$

${\displaystyle z=\sin {\frac {u}{2}}\sin v+\cos {\frac {u}{2}}\sin 2v}$

Mathematica source

Klein8[r_:2] =
 Function[{u, v},
   {
       (r + Cos[u/2]Sin[v] - Sin[u/2]Sin[2v]) Cos[u],
       (r + Cos[u/2]Sin[v] - Sin[u/2]Sin[2v]) Sin[u],
       Sin[u/2]Sin[v] + Cos[u/2]Sin[2v]
   }
 ]

 ParametricPlot3D[Evaluate[Klein8[][u, v]], {u, 0, 2Pi}, {v, 0, 2Pi},
   PlotPoints -> 60, Boxed -> False, Axes -> False, ImageSize -> 800]

This image was then antialised with Chris Hill's code, made transparent around the surface and had stray pixels removed in an image editor.